SIDS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

SIDS - Research Paper Example Although there is need for more research, the current notion denotes that SIDS results when an infant’s body experience difficulty in regulating blood pressure, temperature or breathing (or a merger of these factors) because of a developmental problem or an underlying vulnerability. Additionally, when infants get stressed by external factors, with inclusion of factors like sleeping on their stomachs, they can easily die of SIDS. An action that parents can take in order to shun occurrence of SIDS is to ensure their infants sleep on their back but not stomach. This ensures that a baby breathes more easily and also prevents the chances of them breathing in their own exhaled air that can collect under their nose, mainly if the infant cuddles a lot with the pillow or blanket. In addition, parents must ensure their babies sleep in rooms with appropriate temperatures, which offers warmth to them (William, 2009). An article â€Å"Sudden Infant Death Syndrome† by Polina Gelfer and Michelle Tatum provides current scientific evidence regarding SIDS. Gelfer and Tatum’s epidemiologic study indicates that the age groups between 2-4 months face the highest risk of SIDS; whereby 91% of infant mortality occurs between the ages 1-6 months old. Thus the research further implies that the preterm infants and low-birth-weight infants experience highest risk of SIDS (Gelfer & Tatum, 2014). Additionally, Gelfer and Tatum comment that SIDS normally occurs seasonally, whereby more deaths occur during winter as a result of factors such as overheating within the houses (Gelfer & Tatum, 2014). Normally, several factors including modifiable as well as non-modifiable have been proven to have considerable associations with SIDS (Gelfer & Tatum, 2014). There exist possibilities that case control design normally used in the study of risk factors for SIDS, brings about unmeasured

Economys production possibilities Essay Example for Free

Economys production possibilities Essay Problem Set 2 Complete all questions listed below. Clearly label your answers 1. What impact would a change that shifts an economys production possibilities curve outward have on the long run aggregate supply curve? How have improvements in computer technology affected production possibilities and the long run aggregate supply curve? Explain Answer: Growth of population and the labor-force participation rate Capital accumulation Improvements in technology 2. Construct the AD, SRAS, and LRAS curves for an economy experiencing: (a) full employment, (b) an economic boom, and (c) a recession. (Graphs can be hand drawn or done by computer; label all curves and axes clearly.) a=full employment; b=boom; c= recession 3. What is a budget deficit? How are budget deficits financed? Why do Keynesians believe that budget deficits will increase aggregate demand? Answer: A budget deficit occurs when the government spending exceeds government revenue in a given time period, usually one year. Budget deficits are financed by a countrys bonds. In the U.S., its financed by Treasury bills, notes and bonds. This is the governments way of printing money. Actually, it is creating more credit denominated in that countrys currency. However, it has the same effect it lowers the value of that countrys currency. As bonds flood the market, the supply outweighs the demand. The Keynesians believe that when aggregated demand exceeds productive capacity of the economy, the federal government can prevent inflationary overheating by reducing demand with a budget surplus generated by a combination of less spending and higher taxes. 4. When output and employment slowed in early 2008, the Bush Administration and the Democratic Congress passed a legislation sending households a check  for $600 for each adult (and $300 per child). These checks were financed by borrowing. Would a Keynesian favor this action? Why or why not? Answer: No, the Keynesian would not agree with this action because their opinion is generating a combination of less spending and higher taxes, not giving away money.

An Analysis Of Media Coverage Of Ebonics: Incorporating Black English I

Introduction The debate on Ebonics has virtually left the media spotlight. The proposal by the Oakland School District in early 1997 to use Ebonics to help African-American children learn Standard English met with much opposition. Few people supported the Oakland resolution which, backed by the Linguistic Society of America, acknowledged Ebonics as a language variety complete with its own syntax, structure, and rules of grammar. The media triggered a dialogue among Americans about the appropriateness of Ebonics in the classroom. "Are you for or against Ebonics?" was a common question many Americans pondered at work, at restaurant lunch counters, and in classrooms across the country. The issue divided Americans, not so much along racial lines, but along lines of understanding. Many people were unclear about the history of Ebonics, the premise and contentions of the Oakland School District's proposal, and the implications of educators beginning to appreciate Ebonics as a distinct language variety. Thus, part of this paper will explore further the educational implications of using Ebonics to improve the literacy of black students. This will be preceded by an analysis of how the New York Times and Los Angeles Times covered the Ebonics issue, and how each (to some extent) helped to legitimize and sustain negative attitudes toward Ebonics. The Meaning of Ebonics The term "Ebonics"was first coined in January, 1973 by Dr. Robert Williams, a professor of Psychology at Washington University. The term, which is a compound of "ebonies" and "phonics"(black sounds) refers to the language of West African, Cameroonian, and U.S. slave descendants of Niger-Congo origins. Some linguists disagree about whether Ebonics, or Black English ... ...tions in English: What Role for Education?"(Opinion/Position Paper, 1991). ED 347796. McWhorter, John. "Wasting Energy on An Illusion." The Black Scholar 27 (1997): 2-5. Oneil, W. "If Ebonics Isn't a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is?" Rethinking Schools 12.1 (1997): 10-11. "Original Oakland Resolution on Ebonics"( http://linguistlist.org/topics/Ebonics/Ebonics=res1.html). Secret, Carrie. Interview. Rethinking Schools. Fall 1997: 18-19, 34. Smith, E. "What Is Black English? What Is Ebonics?" Rethinking Schools 12.1 (1997): 14-15. Taylor, Hanni. "Ambivalence Toward Black English: Some Tentative Solutions." The Writing Instructor Spring (1991): 121-135. Williams, Patricia. "The Hidden Meanings of Black English." The Black Scholar 27 (1997) 7-8. Winters, Clyde A. "Non-Standard English and Reading"(Opinion/Position Paper, 1993). ED 358438.

Human resource management chapter

How can companies make sure they do not discriminate against women as the workforce becomes more diverse? Offer full scholarships to female employees for campus or online colleges while still maintaining their position In the company with a chance of promotion once the required course Is completed. Compare pay to performance (male or female) and make diversity a part of that performance. Conduct discrimination policy training. Seeing as women only can become pregnant, they should not be forced Into leave If hey can still do the work.They should be entitled to the same sick pay or dillydally that any other employee (male or female) would be paid for any other medical absence. How does each of the four labor trends affect HARM? A) Aging of the labor force Older workers may present seem challenges related to costs of health care and other benefits. Chronic health problems and age-related disabilities need to be considered. HER professionals will be challenged by the need for multi-gener ational workers to successfully function as a team. Different generations often hold opposing attitudes awards work and life.If not managed properly, these differences could result in ineffective performance in the workplace. B) diversity of the labor force The diversity of the U. S. Labor force challenges employers to create HARM practices that ensure they fully utilize the talents, skills, and valves of all the employees. As a result, organizations cannot afford to ignore or discount that potential contributions of women and minorities. HARM must communicate with employees who are from different cultures and speak different languages. A comfortable work environment just be made.There should not be any racial tension or discrimination. C) Skill deficiencies of the workforce affect HARM in that more companies are looking for computer and tech skills. Today's employees must be able to handle a variety of responsibilities, interact with customers, and think creatively. A college degre e Is a requirement for Jobs today. HARM sometimes has to team up with colleges to teach certain skills. HARM is challenged to find qualities and skills In candidates that are sometimes hard to find. There are more skills needed by companies than employees eave to offer.

Traffic Signal

He was the one who had emancipated Springfield from the corrupted governmental also reduced the crime in Springfield by introducing new laws and revamping the judicious system. Mr. Duncan had made some important changes for Springfield which improved it ,so he was extremely crucial for the well being of the city. The police found the dead body on 1 8th October at 5 am. When Mr. Ducat's death had spread across the news, the S. P. D realized that no one in their department was good enough to take charge and solve the murder. So Blake Cross from the N. Y. P. D was called to solve the case.Blake had a great reputation of solving difficult cases, once he solved a case with just a parking ticket! This time he had a lot of pressure on him as he was investigating the case of the Mayor. When Blake started searching the crime scene he found an asthma inhaler,so he suspected it had the murderer's fingerprints ,then he send the asthma inhaler to the forensic department to see if there were any p rints. The lab found the prints of Ben Cohn,he was of the opposition party of Springfield. Ben also fit as a classic murder suspect as he was Mr. Duncan nemesis.He also threatened to kill him a month ago. When the police went to interrogate Ben ,they found that he had a perfect alibi. He said that he was at his friend Scotty James house. The police checked with Scotty and he confirmed that they both were at his house. But Blake still thought that Ben was the one who murdered him and know Blake knew that Scotty was lining about Ben not killing Mr. Duncan. Blake was suspicious so he scrutinized Scotty lifestyle,recent behavior,counterparts scrutinizing Scotty for 1 day he found something that was very weird.Scotty salary was 40000 dollars per onto,but Blake found out that Scotty had a secret account in which he had 100000 dollars put in this month. So Blake knew that Ben had pawed Scotty to keep his mouth shut about the murder and to make a fake alibi for him. This time Blake went to Scotty personally to make him accept that he lied about Ben. Blake did a very clever thing to make Scotty admit that he lied,he told him that he would send him to jail for the crimes he committed earlier and never got caught for etc unless he admitted that Ben murdered Mr. Duncan.

songs essays

songs essays Early is the best time to start children with an enriched musical background. The earlier the child starts to hear and learn about music, the more enriched and fulfilling the child's experience of music is going to be. This is even more beneficial for talented children. A child cannot receive the full benefit of music and will not learn as much or at all without the first three stages of preparatory audiation. With this in mind, I will now show you how to guide children through these stages. First of all, we need to look at resources. For this particular situation, I will have two helpers, two rooms in which to work (one is furnished with cribs, the other is mostly open space with a carpet). Also, I will have a good sound system in both rooms (that includes a tape player and compact disc player), and some money (available to buy recordings and equipment). Next is the age range of the children. The first stage is Absorption. One of the most difficult things to do when guid ing children through these stages is to know when the right time is to move them to the next stage. This often requires much patience. The reason that you need so much patience is because all children move through the different stages of preparatory audiation at different times. The times when children move are as different as their handwriting. In the Absorption stage, children are "absorbing" music. But, not all music is appropriate. Most of the music that should be played is live music. It should also be played in different keyalities, tonalities, harmonies, meters, and tempos. When playing such diverse groups of music it is also important to not play music with words. Why you ask? Because if you play music with words, the children seem to focus their attention more on the words than the music itself. Out of the two rooms that we have, I would use the one room, which has the cribs in it for the children in the absorption stage. This would be mor...

Analysis of the Stages in Life Span Development essays

Analysis of the Stages in Life Span Development essays When breaking down the life span into stages such as childhood, adulthood, and late adulthood; the break down seeks to bring unity to the life of human being, and ultimately helps us to understand the development of a person. The science of human developments seeks to understand how and why people change or remain the same over time at all ages in all different circumstances. Human beings are so complex in so many ways and it is important that as humans we understand these crucial developmental stages in our life to better communicate and prepare for these stages in our lives. I additionally wanted to focus on the level of moral development among the interviewees at each of the stages in development. To better understand the characteristics of these developmental stages, the moral reasoning developmental process and differences and similarities seen among the people of the interviewees; I interviewed eight individuals. I interviewed both a female and male in the school age, adolescence, emerging adulthood, adulthood, and older adulthood developmental stages. The interviewees were selected at random. I conducted a personal face to face interview with each interviewee. During the interview I asked a series of eight questions pertaining to their goals, accomplishments, worries, important people in their lives, fears they currently have as well as a scenario question pertaining to a moral dilemma. After conducting these interviews I was able to analyze the different stages in life span development further and make clear observations of similarities and differences between the interviewees. Although the interviews allowed me a great amount of observation as well as useful insight; the answers to these eight questions did not summarize in anyway the multi-contextual, multicultural, multidisciplinary, plastic, and multi-directional development of each person. I conducted an interview with a ten year old male and an eight year old fe...

Pro-Form - Definition and Examples in English Grammar

Pros in English Grammar Pro-form is a word or phrase that can take the place of another word (or word group) in a sentence. The process of substituting pro-forms for other words is called proformation. In English, the most common pro-forms are pronouns, but other words (such as here, there, so, not, and do) can also function as pro-forms.   The pro-form is the referring word in a sentence; the word or word group thats referred to is the antecedent. Examples and Observations: My grandmother started walking five miles a day when she was sixty. Shes 97 now, and we dont know where the hell she is.   (American comedian Ellen DeGeneres)Our father ...came back in the morning and told us he had found lodgings, and so we went there. They were east of the harbour, off Lot Street, at the back of a house which had seen better days.  (Margaret Atwood, Alias Grace. McClelland Stewart, 1996)One day in English class I passed Bill Hilgendorff a note. I love you, the note said. He folded it up and looked straight ahead. Then I whispered to him that he could live his whole life long and no one would ever love him as I did. I thought this was an amazing and daring and irresistible thing to do.  (Tereze Glà ¼ck, May You Live in Interesting Times. University of Iowa Press, 1995)We had offers to play in Hong Kong, and I always wanted to go there, but I wouldnt agree to do it because it wasnt going to add any more profit to the tour.  (Johnny Ramone, Commando: The Aut obiography of Johnny Ramone. Abrams, 2012) When the tzar was seated, everyone else sat, and so did we.  (L. E. Modesitt, Jr., Ghost of the White Nights. Tor Books, 2001)Boldly, Stein leaps from her short history of open source to the future of Canadian federalism. One might have expected her to develop her argument in the direction of scenario IV, but unfortunately she did not.  (Ruth Hubbard and Gilles Paquet, The Black Hole of Public Administration. University of Ottawa Press, 2010)Im proud of the many ways youre growing, and I hope you are, too.  (Fred Rogers, Dear Mr. Rogers. Penguin, 1996) Rogers, Does It Ever Rain in Your Neighborhood?: Letters to Mr.People cheerfully mixed the spiritual and the mundane, and I did as well.  (Gwendolyn M. Parker, Trespassing: My Sojourn in the Halls of Privilege. Houghton Mifflin, 1997) So and Not as Pro-Forms   Sometimes pro-forms represent less clearly identifiable constituents: (6) He may decide to join us next week, but I dont think so.(7) Speaker A: Will he join us next week?Speaker B: I hope not. In (6) the adverb so represents the preceding clause but with an appropriate change of operator: . . . but I dont think he will join us next week. In (7), the adverb not represents the whole of the preceding clause but changes it into a negative statement: . . . I hope he will not join us next week.  (Carl Bache, Mastering English: An Advanced Grammar for Non-Native and Native Speakers. Walter de Gruyter, 1997) Do as a Pro-Form Do is used as a pro-form when the predicate itself and all the complements which follow it are elided (Jack hurt himself fetching water, and Jill did, too). If another auxiliary is present, the pro-form do is less common (Has Jack hurt himself? Yes, he has; also, Yes, he has done . . .). Note that the pro-form do is not the same lexeme as the auxiliary do; the latter has only the forms do, does, did while the pro-form has these as well as done and doing.  (Stephan Gramley and Kurt-Michael Ptzold, A Survey of Modern English, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2004)

Critically examine the differences between two theories of leadership Essay

Critically examine the differences between two theories of leadership and examine the effect that strategic leadership can have on the succe - Essay Example e main goals and objectives for the followers while in other cases the people may agree on their objectives and the leader will assume the responsibility of guiding them to reach to the goals (Paul, 2005). One way of trying to understand leadership is by using theories. Leadership theories are assumptions about characteristics or styles of a leader. The theories are used to distinguish among different kinds of leaders and their styles as well as their motivations. The focus of the theories is to determine specific skills and qualities that differentiate one leader from his or her followers and other leaders. There are various theories in the study of leadership with each theory using a different approach to explain the concept of leadership (Paul, 2005). Among the most common theories of leadership include contingency theory, great man theory, behavioral theory and trail theory. The most notable question that these theories aim at responding to is as to whether leaders are born or whether they can acquire leadership. This fundamental question has been the main puzzle that leadership analysts have grappled with over the years. A common understanding in leadership and management is that there is no precise answer to the question because every leader is different from the other, and while it is true that some individuals are born to lead, there are others who acquire leadership. This essay will explore two main theories of leadership and critically analyze them with a view of exposing their differences in their approach to leadership as a consequence. The main theories that this essay will endeavor to study are the trait theory and the behavioral theory of leadership. The paper will also explain the concept of strategic leadership. The paper will conclude by examining the effect of strategic leadership in either success or failure of businesses. This theory is based on the notion that leaders are born with innate abilities and qualities that enable them to guide

Effects of Vietnam War on American Society Essay

Effects of Vietnam War on American Society - Essay Example However, 5 years after the fall of the Saigon, there seemed to be a renewal in the interest of the Vietnamese war. Network television, music and even Hollywood made the Vietnam War almost a part of the American culture. The veterans of the war together with journalists and scholars seemed to have immediately discovered a basis for their literature. Most of the messages that were conveyed from the materials produced on the war were pegged on the lessons gained from it as well as the legacies that it had left. The focus was on the extent of damage that the war had on the attitudes of the Americans, the institutions and on the foreign policies that the government had adopted. The Vietnam War was referred by some as the worst occurrence in the then 200 year history of the US. The immediate reaction of the nation was to evaluate the damage that the war had, not only in the physical sense, but also in terms of lost confidence and pride by the people who had long regarded their country as t he epitome of power and as an invincible force. The war was a very costly affair. The exact amount spent was estimated to have been $167 billion (Chambers 3). The economic woes that befell the decision by the then president, Lyndon B. Johnson, to finance the war and the Great Society were translated to the population in terms of increased taxes, double-digit figures in terms of inflation and an increase in the federal debt that was responsible for the lowering of the living standards of the citizens. The war had also served to weaken the political power and competence of the ruling class. The public lost faith in the government in the aftermath of the war. All forms of authority in the country at the time were treated with skeptism that almost resembled cynicism accompanied by high degrees of distrust and suspicion. After 5 years of silence, the public decided to voice their opinions and these were characterized by strong antiwar sentiments. In the wake of these events, the military suffered the worst effects as it was discredited and treated casually for a number of years. There is no other point in history where Americans had as low an opinion for public institutions as the period after the Vietnam War. The bipartisan consensus that America had enjoyed since the end of the Second World War and which supported its foreign policy was dissolved with the public became wary of any calls for the country to intervene in areas where democracy was lacking. There was uproar especially from members of the Democratic Party who questioned the role of America as the world?s policeman. The then democratic majority in congress passed a resolution that barred a president from sending any troops to war for a period beyond 90 days without the congressional consent. Congress further put a limit to the powers that the country could exercise in pursuit of objectives arising from foreign policy. The country struggled to avert the Vietnam syndrome that was associated with the negat ive effects that enfolded there. This syndrome came into play when President Reagan proposed intervention in Nicaragua and also when President Bush I decided to drive the Iraqis out of Kuwait. Although the interventions were successful, the Vietnam syndrome had not completely left the minds of the American as was witnessed in the decision by President Clinton to send peacekeeping troops

Professional Values,Ethics and Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Professional Values,Ethics and Law - Essay Example Predefined ethics, legal or professional values are to be taken into consideration by individuals belonging to nursing profession. The code of conduct for nursing is distinct in comparison to other profession. United Kingdom encompasses a separate set of conduct for chief nurse and hospital trusts. The case study would be analyzed from different perspectives so as to identify appropriate action which could be taken by the student nurse. There are wide array of ethical theories incorporated in this essay. These theories would be thoroughly discussed with a clear reference to the case study. The legal documents to be highlighted in the study are Human Rights Act (1998), Data Protection Act (1998) and Family Law Reform Act (1969). All possible relevant literature shall be incorporated in order to explore ethical, legal or professional aspects in context of chosen scenario. There is a well defined structure followed in this essay. Firstly focus will be on ethical values in Kate’s consent, followed by professional and legal values. The study would be centred towards application of ethical values in nursing scenario. These three obligations would help to reflect upon solution for the particular case study. Consent from patient should be gained before any treatment is being undertaken. Ethical values play an integral role in nursing profession. Patients look upon nurses or doctors when their health conditions are at a stake. Honesty is always regarded as the best policy, but this philosophical aspect is highly controversial. The first ethical value is of truth telling. Health professionals can develop effective relationship with patients only on the basis of revealing truth. The quality of being loyal, honest or faithful is deeply rooted in nursing profession. However it is not just about telling truth to patients but it is more about being literal or factual. There is a high degree of

Identify and research a problem caused by a U.S. corporation and then Essay

Identify and research a problem caused by a U.S. corporation and then to convince the audience that something must be done to stop them from doing this - Essay Example Even the crucial and vital concerns like statutory provisions, environmental laws, social norms, business ethics and general well being of the society are more then often compromised by the corporations to achieve their fiscal and marketing targets (Chris 16). Any well informed citizen with reasonable levels of exposure to the print and digital media will conclusively testify to the fact that more then often corporations have been found to be willing to damage the world to make more money. This deliberate willingness to hurt the human values by any individual or institution definitely deserves the concern and intervention of a civil society based on democratic values and ideals. The US based corporations, being a part of a thriving capitalist and democratic society, aught to be held responsible for the breach of statutory provisions and public trust committed by them. However, the primary problem hampering this ideal is the fact that the corporations have over the years, assimilated themselves into the society in a way that does not extend the people with specific rights and mechanisms to facilitate a close scrutiny of their day today operations. The very framework and design of the corporations extends them with the ability and power to side step or sideline the public intervention or interference. Public institutions run by the tax payers' money are constitutionally accountable to the masses and the people do have the power to comment on the validity of the decisions taken by them, though indirectly through the provision of voting and adult franchise. The private corporations tend to differ from the state institutions in the sense that they are not liable to seek the approval and validation of the masses as they are privately funded and managed. Besides the enormous funds and political power that they have at their disposal makes them practically immune to public opinion and concern. Infact such an arrangement stands to be a grave injustice to any free and democratic society. The society can not and should not be denied the right to have a say in the affairs of such big and powerful concerns like private sector corporations.This heavy handedness of the US based MNCs becomes even more unrestrained when it comes to doing business in the third world nations. Not only the statutory and monitoring arrangements in the third world countries are often vulnerable to outside influences and powers, but the rampant corruption in such nations makes it relatively easier for the private corporations to bypass and ignore the public well being, environmental laws and business ethics (Basu 34). Even if their misdeeds and blunders get exposed owing to the media activism, the massive clout and influence that the US corporations enjoy in the federal and state legislatures facilitates them with ample government backing and support, which is sometimes sufficient to snub or scare away the state and private objections and resistance. At the end of the day, the corporations have to prove it to their stockholders that they are making huge profits. This quest for profit motivates and lures the corporations to exploit and manipulate the loopholes existing in the arcane laws and administrative structures in the

Unit 2 DB Introduction to American Court System Essay

Unit 2 DB Introduction to American Court System - Essay Example In other words, the Rules are purposeful in eliminating evidences that may lead to unfair prejudice against a party. One case that illustrates inadmissibility of character evidence in a criminal proceeding is the Greenberg v. Aetna Ins. Co., 427 Pa. 494, 235 A.2d 582 (1967) in which it was established that the plaintiff was erroneously permitted to testify that he had a a heroic record having served in the U.S. army during WWII (Pacode, N.d.). The admissibility of character evidence in respect of a rape victim as presented by a defendant is limited if the court case is for assault, intent to commit rape or rape. If the defendant seeks to use opinion or reputation evidence to show the sexual conduct of the rape victim, the character evidence remains inadmissible (Scott, 2000) as it may be inflammatory. The defendant, however, may only enjoy admissibility of character evidence if they intend to show specific instances of behaviour by a sex victim in proof of the claim that a party different from the defendant was the source of injury, semen or other physical evidence. Alternatively, the defendant may enjoy admissibility of character evidence to show that their sexual behaviour with the victim was consented to by both parties. In the two cases, the evidence is used solely to prove the defendant’s

Juvenile Justice Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Juvenile Justice - Coursework Example Finally, these transfers benefit the system, as it is intricate to handle some cases committed by juveniles, while in juvenile courts. In case of a transfer, youths become adults legally and face similar treatment to that for adults. After a careful examination of the reasons behind such transfers, I strongly support this practice (Elrod and Ryder 217). Currently, three main mechanisms are applicable for transfer of a juvenile to an adult court. As depicted in this source, the first mechanism is the judicial waiver, which has been in application since ancient epochs. A number of elements distinguish it from other mechanisms. For instance, the examination of the likely reasons for the juvenile to have committed the crime is among the basic elements. Secondly, it becomes necessary to consider the threats of such a youth to the society (Elrod and Ryder 218). Moreover, it considers the system to which the juvenile court system can effectively handle such a case. In a scenario, whereby th e case is so serious, a careful evaluation of how the adult court can handle such a case becomes a point of focus. The other mechanism known as the legislative waiver has been in use, in various states of America. This mechanism forms its decision on the age, along with the offense criterion of the juvenile. The third and final mechanism is the prosecutorial waiver. This is different from the other two mechanisms as it permits a concurrent jurisdiction in the two dissimilar court systems. Similarly, both the age together with the offense criterion demand cautious considerations. Kent vs. US and Breed vs. Jones impacts the waivers transfer in a negative way as it prohibits the double trial that the waiver transfer supports. In the determination of the suitability of any of the transfer mechanism, it is suitable to examine the two different court systems. After establishing which one is appropriate, the transfer process starts (Elrod and Ryder 224). A number of problems arise in case of transferring juveniles to an adult court for trial. The decision to transfer these youths can bring adverse consequences to the youths. Prosecution of these youths in open criminal courts exposes them to criminals known to have committed serious offenses than them. Eventually, they may resort into learning how to commit similar crimes. Additionally, erosion of their civil rights is a problem allied to such a transfer. In various scenarios, such a transfer fails to curb the increasing rate of recidivism, therefore, the deterioration of the security of community’s security. It would be crucial to transfer only those cases that the juvenile court cannot address with efficacy. If I were a judge, the state would have to prove to me that the juvenile court would find it intricate to handle such a case, together with the effectiveness of the needed superior court (Elrod and Ryder 220). Sources have revealed that a number of states have adopted separate programs within the adult c orrectional centers. Florida and South Carolina are the two states that have established different facilities for housing juvenile inmates. The age range is the key determinant of which youth ought to be housed in such facilities. In the above-mentioned states, the two age ranges are between 18 and 21, or 18 and 25. I also support the idea of housing them in different

Unit 2 DB Introduction to American Court System Essay

Unit 2 DB Introduction to American Court System - Essay Example In other words, the Rules are purposeful in eliminating evidences that may lead to unfair prejudice against a party. One case that illustrates inadmissibility of character evidence in a criminal proceeding is the Greenberg v. Aetna Ins. Co., 427 Pa. 494, 235 A.2d 582 (1967) in which it was established that the plaintiff was erroneously permitted to testify that he had a a heroic record having served in the U.S. army during WWII (Pacode, N.d.). The admissibility of character evidence in respect of a rape victim as presented by a defendant is limited if the court case is for assault, intent to commit rape or rape. If the defendant seeks to use opinion or reputation evidence to show the sexual conduct of the rape victim, the character evidence remains inadmissible (Scott, 2000) as it may be inflammatory. The defendant, however, may only enjoy admissibility of character evidence if they intend to show specific instances of behaviour by a sex victim in proof of the claim that a party different from the defendant was the source of injury, semen or other physical evidence. Alternatively, the defendant may enjoy admissibility of character evidence to show that their sexual behaviour with the victim was consented to by both parties. In the two cases, the evidence is used solely to prove the defendant’s

3 Ps Self-Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

3 Ps Self-Assessment - Assignment Example These were due to unavoidable circumstances that were explained to respective lectures in advance. My interpersonal relations with both lecturers and students have also been good without even a single reported case of conflict. This is because I always respect people’s opinions and personality and I have excellent communication skills towards approaching people (Lambert, p. 3-6). My level of preparation for class work has similarly been outstanding with a 46 points rating. This includes my readiness with respect to assignments, presentations, and class readings. My assignments and presentations have always been done and reviewed in time, before submission time, a fact that has facilitated my excellence as I have always had time for revision and editing of my work. Both lectures and classmates have also recommended my preparedness for class readings (Lambert, p. 3-6). My participation is similarly highly rated at 45 points. While I am always ready to participate in discussions and class exercises, I normally allow other people to participate and only engage when called upon. The relatively lower score in my participation can be explained by my passive nature (Lambert, p.

Argument Against Universal Health Care in the Us Essay Example for Free

Argument Against Universal Health Care in the Us Essay Argument Against Universal Health Care in the Us BY shaker71493 Jacob Nieuwenhuis Contemporary Issues MSR 10 March 2010 Universal Health Care in the United States Of all tyrannies, a tyranny sincerely exercised for the good of its victims may be the most oppressive. It would be better to live under robber barons than under omnipotent moral busybodies. The robber barons cruelty may sometimes sleep. His cupidity may at some time point be satisfied; but those who torment us for our own good will torment us without end for they do so with the approval of their own conscience. -C. S. Lewis (1898 1963) The issue of universal health care taking over the present health care system has become a heated topic all over America. With President Obamas promise to pass a bill that will give government coverage to all Americans, most people were happy that health care would become more affordable for them. But is this the case? There has been a stiff opposition to the passing of any bill of this kind throughout the entire process, but the longer a bill stays in circulation the more time people have to form an opinion on the issue. With the law in effect now the issue now turns to if this will e better off for America in the long run, and if there is any good to such a system. History has a lot to say about socialized medicine. There have been many countries, not only socialistic countries which have used a public method of offering medicine. A few of these countries are Great Britain, Canada, France, Australia, and also the European system. These systems will be analyzed from their roots up i n order to see whether they were successes or failures. The National Health Service (NHS) of Great Britain, which was created on July 5, 1948, is the worlds largest publicly funded health service ever. As can be seen on the diagram, the NHS is divided into two sections: primary and secondary care. Primary care is the first point of contact for most people and is delivered by a wide range of independent service providers, including general practitioners, dentists, pharmacists and optometrists. Secondary care is known as acute healthcare and can be either elective care or emergency care. Elective care means planned specialist medical care or surgery, usually following referral from a primary or community health professional such as a general practitioner. In this system there are a lot of different trusts (refer to iagram). These trusts are where the money is sent for certain types of care. The main trusts are the Primary care trusts. Primary care trusts (PCTs) are in charge of primary care and have a major role around commissioning secondary care, providing community care services. They are the main core to the NHS and control 80% of the NHS budget. Green, did a report on the effects of preventive care in Great Britain for diseases such as circulatory disease and cancer. His main focus was on the circulatory system and the conclusion of his reports states that: The main findings can be summarized as follows. The I-JK has a poor record of preventing death from diseases of the circulatory system. After allowing for the different age structure of each country in the European Union, the I-JK death rate from circulatory diseases for persons aged less than 65 was ranked thirteenth out of the 15 countries studied. There are many negative aspects of the NHS. There are stunning reports of people who didnt get care, or who waited for months in order to get prevented care. One example of a terrible thing that happened recently in Great Britain was a cancer patient who had to wait for 62 weeks before starting treatment. Patients were outraged by this. They said that for some cancer patients with slow growing tumors could wait that long but that it is atrocious that someone would have to wait that long to receive any type of care at all. It was compared side by side with a case from 20 years earlier, when Heather Goodare was diagnosed with the same problem and eceived treatment within two weeks after first being diagnosed. The European system has run into a lot of obstacles over the years, mostly financial. There is currently a 5 percent to 8 percent increase in expenses per year in real terms, resulting in enormous deficits and even greater problems when the rate of unemployment rises. When employment rates improve, the deficits are eased be cause more taxes come in to pay for care. But as soon as employment falls again (which is common everywhere right about now), deficits come back. A common method used for getting over this deficit is rationing care and restricting use of high ost preventive cares such as CAT scans. Sometimes this is only towards people who meet a certain criteria, e. g. the elderly. This can only be bad for the consumer. Michael Tanner sums this up nicely in his article condemning socialized medicine in the U. S. : The Europeans have run into a very simple economic rule. If something is for it. Think of it this way: if food were free, would you eat hamburger or steak? At the same time, health care is a finite good. There are only so many doctors, so many hospital beds and so much technology. If people over consume those resources, it drives up the cost of health care. All the countries in Europe have this health care system. There are, however, three countries in Europe that allow their citizens to opt out of the official system and to take with a tax credit for the money they paid to the official system, to purchase private insurance in the health market. These countries are Germany, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. In those countries, citizens do not have to pay twice in order to acquire private health insurance. The systems of these three countries are important in that they may point the way to a solution for the current financial problems Western health care systems are experiencing. This private plan is more expensive but reachable for at least a third of the population. For the most part, people in Europe are happy with the health care they receive. In the Netherlands there is a basic plan that everyone can buy (it is not a government mandate). This covers things such as broken limbs, emergency room visits Oust the visit), and seeing general practitioners. On top of this, a person may buy whatever premium add-ons they want. An example of an add-on is dental and orthodontic care. With this add-on all the people in the household of the insurance buyer receive ull dental care as well as braces for all the children of the family. Trudy Rubin, who is a Philadelphia Inquirer opinion columnist, says that the United States is not learning valuable lessons from the European system of healthcare. She addresses the three myths that she thinks are thought to be believed as fact. She takes these myths from an excerpt from T. R. Reid. The three myths are as follows: Myth No. 1, he says, is that foreign systems with universal coverage are all socialized medicine. In countries such as France, Germany, Switzerland, and Japan, the coverage is universal while doctors and insurers are private. Individuals get their insurance through their workplace, sharing the premium with their employer as we do and the government picks up the premium if they lose their Job. Myth No. 2, which is long waits and rationed care is another whopper. In many developed countries, Reid writes, people have quicker access to care and more choice than Americans do. In France, Germany, and Japan, you can pick any provider or hospital in the country. Care is speedy and high quality, and no one is turned down. Myth No. 3 really grabs my attention: the delusion that countries with universal care are wasteful systems run y bloated bureaucracies. In fact, the opposite is true. Americas for-profit health insurance companies have the highest administrative costs of any developed country. Twenty percent or more of every premium dollar goes to nonmedical costs: paperwork, marketing, profits, etc. If a profit is to be made, you need an army of underwriters to deny claims and turn down sick people, says Rei d. Canada is another place where health care is run by the government. This came into effect when the parliament unanimously passed the Canadian Health Act in system. Under this law, provinces must ensure that their health care systems respect ive criteria: The first is public administration. This means that the health insurance plans must be administered by a public authority who is accountable to the government. The second is comprehensive benefit. The plan must cover all medically necessary services prescribed by physicians and provided by hospitals. The third is universality. This means all legal residents of the province must be covered. The fourth criterion is portability. Under this, residents continue to be covered if they move or travel from one province to another. And the final criterion is accessibility. This means that services must be made available to all residents on equal terms, regardless of income, age, or ability to pay. The process which a patient goes through to receive health care is very simple. When a person goes to a doctor for any kind of medical treatment they have to present what is called a provincial health card. This is a credit card-looking piece of plastic that lets your physician know you are a legal user of the system

Rescuing Communication via Surprise and Delight Essay -- Communication

Though ironically praised for its power in being able to bring people together, technology is inevitably ruining the art of raw human interaction. Many services that once required face-to-face communication have been replaced by the workings of a sort of technological machine. The in-store shopping experience is now possible on the internet. Virtual classrooms make it possible for people to learn at home in front of their computer outside of a school setting. Just the simple concept of face-to-face communication has had many tool replacements, such as phone, text message, instant message, and e-mail. Because human services are being replaced by technology, human relationships and interaction are being hugely impacted. Design is a unique ‘service’ often striving to solve problems relating to communication. The solutions to these problems generally depend on both technology and human interaction. In this world with technology rapidly growing and human interaction rapidly declining, designers hold a responsibility and exciting opportunity to change the way people interact with each other. When technology as a means of communication was first introduced there was a definite sense of surprise and delight due to the evident mystery and whimsy. Instant messenger, e-mail, and even text messaging are understood concepts, quotidian, and boring. The passà © notion of the hand written letter became defunct with the introduction of e-mail. Now, with e-mail being normal and expected, receiving a hand written letter in the mail is exciting and delightful. Similarly, the anonymous presence behind a screen is no longer exciting, but rather cold and sad on a psychological level. Selected works by Christine Hill, Keetra Dean Dixon, and Local Proj... ...s Du Rà ©el, 2002. Print. Designing Minds. Perf. Keetra Dean Dixon. ADC YOUNG GUN. Adobe, 28 Jan. 2009. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. . Episode 320: Christine Hill. Bad at Sports. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. . "From K to J - Photobooth - About the Booth." Keetra Dean Dixon & JK Keller Shop — Home. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. . Hill, Christine. Inventory: the Work of Christine Hill and Volksboutique. Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 2002. Print. Local Projects. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. . Projects, Choosing Local. "Local Projects." Print Magazine. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. . Volksboutique. Christine Hill. Web. .

Problems with Standardized Testing Essay example -- Standardized Testin

Problems with Standardized Testing â€Å"Where is the standardized test that can measure passion for learning, respect for others, and human empathy?† These are the words of Tom McKenna, a disgruntled high school teacher from Portland, Oregon. Like many other educators and students across the nation, Tom is tired of the system. The educational system today is composed of a series of standardized tests. Standardized tests are bad for many reasons. They cause teachers to limit their curriculum, put low-level income and minority students at a disadvantage, cause school districts to focus too heavily on raising test scores, and extract the passion for learning from students.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In many cases teachers are encouraged to teach only material that will be seen on certain standardized tests. For this reason, teachers are forced to extract superfluous material from the course. Instead, teachers focus only on specific items from the test. Students are encouraged to memorize isolated facts and regurgitate short responses. In an article published by the FairTest organization, this method is called â€Å"teaching the test.† Teaching the test seems to be conducive to improving test-taking skills but real academic progression is not always represented.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The aforementioned Tom McKenna was put in this very predicament. In his article titled, â€Å"The Straitjacket of Standardized Tests† he tells a story of two of his high school students engaged in a project which enthralled their interest in an unlikely subject. McKenna had become friends with a man named Sol Shapiro. Shapiro, now in a retirement home, had once been a resident in South Portland, Oregon, which was a Jewish immigrant community. McKenna’s students accompanied him to Shapiro’s house in order to conduct an interview. A few seconds into the interview Shapiro broke down in tears and the students immediately turned off the video camera and tape recorder. The students comforted Sol. They finished the interview, much of which was unrecorded. McKenna noted that these students had an increased interest in oral history following the interview. â€Å"They wanted more.† he noted. He then adds, â€Å"Unfortunately, given the demands of current educational reform in Oregon, teachers are finding it difficult to give students the "more" they desire.† McKenna was referring to the fact that teachers in Oregon are encouraged to striv... ... craft to focus like drones on getting the scores up." If teachers were concerned with inspiring students, they could cause students to be passionate once again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In my personal experience, my freshman history teacher would totally agree with my argument. He always told me that the most important part of the education process is â€Å"knowledge for the sake of knowledge.† This means that students should want to learn in order to gain intelligence. I have always kept this philosophy in high regard and have tried to apply it to my everyday scholastic life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The educational system should be less of a system and more of a process. It should focus on the intellectual, emotional, and spiritual development of its’ students. As long as we continue to use standardized tests a change will never be made. Works Cited Elmore, Richard F. â€Å"Testing Trap.† Harvard Magazine Online. October 2002   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   FairTest: The National Center for Fair and Open Testing. How Standardized Testing Damages Education. McKenna, Tom. The Straitjacket of Standardized Tests. Spring 1999. Rethinking Schools Online. â€Å"Rethinking Standardized Testing† The Seattle Press Online. 17 May 2001.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Problems with Standardized Testing Essay example -- Standardized Testin Problems with Standardized Testing â€Å"Where is the standardized test that can measure passion for learning, respect for others, and human empathy?† These are the words of Tom McKenna, a disgruntled high school teacher from Portland, Oregon. Like many other educators and students across the nation, Tom is tired of the system. The educational system today is composed of a series of standardized tests. Standardized tests are bad for many reasons. They cause teachers to limit their curriculum, put low-level income and minority students at a disadvantage, cause school districts to focus too heavily on raising test scores, and extract the passion for learning from students.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In many cases teachers are encouraged to teach only material that will be seen on certain standardized tests. For this reason, teachers are forced to extract superfluous material from the course. Instead, teachers focus only on specific items from the test. Students are encouraged to memorize isolated facts and regurgitate short responses. In an article published by the FairTest organization, this method is called â€Å"teaching the test.† Teaching the test seems to be conducive to improving test-taking skills but real academic progression is not always represented.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The aforementioned Tom McKenna was put in this very predicament. In his article titled, â€Å"The Straitjacket of Standardized Tests† he tells a story of two of his high school students engaged in a project which enthralled their interest in an unlikely subject. McKenna had become friends with a man named Sol Shapiro. Shapiro, now in a retirement home, had once been a resident in South Portland, Oregon, which was a Jewish immigrant community. McKenna’s students accompanied him to Shapiro’s house in order to conduct an interview. A few seconds into the interview Shapiro broke down in tears and the students immediately turned off the video camera and tape recorder. The students comforted Sol. They finished the interview, much of which was unrecorded. McKenna noted that these students had an increased interest in oral history following the interview. â€Å"They wanted more.† he noted. He then adds, â€Å"Unfortunately, given the demands of current educational reform in Oregon, teachers are finding it difficult to give students the "more" they desire.† McKenna was referring to the fact that teachers in Oregon are encouraged to striv... ... craft to focus like drones on getting the scores up." If teachers were concerned with inspiring students, they could cause students to be passionate once again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In my personal experience, my freshman history teacher would totally agree with my argument. He always told me that the most important part of the education process is â€Å"knowledge for the sake of knowledge.† This means that students should want to learn in order to gain intelligence. I have always kept this philosophy in high regard and have tried to apply it to my everyday scholastic life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The educational system should be less of a system and more of a process. It should focus on the intellectual, emotional, and spiritual development of its’ students. As long as we continue to use standardized tests a change will never be made. Works Cited Elmore, Richard F. â€Å"Testing Trap.† Harvard Magazine Online. October 2002   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   FairTest: The National Center for Fair and Open Testing. How Standardized Testing Damages Education. McKenna, Tom. The Straitjacket of Standardized Tests. Spring 1999. Rethinking Schools Online. â€Å"Rethinking Standardized Testing† The Seattle Press Online. 17 May 2001.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

America’s Change in Industry and Technology in the Early 1800s Essay

America’s ideas and beliefs have been changing over centuries of mistakes and experiments. This is the way that we formed our own government, made the right choices in subsequent decisions, and how we exhibit what kind of country we are to the rest of the world. Our nation evolved more quickly following several inventions that may seem simple or obvious in retrospect. One of America’s biggest eras of change was in the early 1800s. Jobs were moving from farms to factories. Transportation was turning certain cities into hubs of industry. The dependence on slaves was increasing on the Southern plantations. During the early 1800s, new technology and industrial methods changed the way people in America made a living. Key inventions that impacted American industry included factory production and Eli Whitney’s concept of interchangeable parts. These innovations led to mass production of manufactured items. Machine-made components, unlike parts that had been crafted individually, could replace each other in a product. Even unskilled workers could make these parts. Because of this, products became more plentiful, less expensive, and easier to repair. Cloth also became a mass-produced commodity. The thread-spinning water frame and the cloth-weaving power loom were invented at a time that people were giving up on farming the poor soil of the Northeast. In addition, steam engines and water mills increased production and decreased cost of the factories that employed townsfolk and financed cities. All of these beneficial results made manufacturing more lucrative than working on a farm. The abundance of products being made during this era called for a more efficient method of distribution. American cities developed as centers for manufacture and trade. New roads and a system of canals were built to carry the products to distant markets. Steam engine locomotives also became an important means of transportation for goods and people. Industry and housing for its workers were built around the ports and train stops. America’s expansion of transit helped cities develop as economic centers. Once the factory system became the successful business model, city life became the norm. People started to work in the artificial environment dictated by their tasks. Most people no longer woke up to the sound of the rooster signaling them to milk the cow and collect the eggs. Instead, they worked set hours in a factory, earning a regular income. However, large factories and shipping companies needed more than just manual labor. They also employed foremen, supervisors, and watchmen to keep the business secure. As a result of this division of labor, people could work more efficiently. Not every innovation was benign. Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin (short for engine), which prepared cotton faster and more efficiently than by manual means, made selling cotton to the textile factories in New England even more profitable, but at a cost. Unfortunately, the increased demand for cotton by Northern factories escalated the need for slaves in the South to pick and supply larger quantities of raw materials. A negative result of the invention of the cotton gin and its role in the Industrial Revolution was that in just twenty years, the slave population rose from 697,897 to 1.2 million. Slaves and their sympathizers were hurt and upset by this growing injustice. From the start of the Industrial Revolution, new methods of production changed the jobs, income, and environment of the average American worker. Interchangeable parts, steam power, and the factory system increased production, decreased cost, and stimulated the growth of cities and transportation. America developed cities full of workers and transportation routes loaded with products. Manufacturing supported the Northern economy, while the South was still reliant on slave labor. Life in America changed greatly in the early 1800s with the country’s advancement from farming and simple trade to a modern, consumer-based economy.

Dylan and Dickinson : A Comparative View of Death Essay

â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† and â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle into This Good Night† are poems written by different authors in different time periods.   â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† is a poem written by Emily Dickinson in which death is personified.   â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle into This Good Night† is   poem written by Dylan Thomas in which confront death and the death of his father is recounted.   Thomas and Dickinson use the same dominant recurring images to explore the archetypal themes of birth, time, and death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Questioning traditional values and   redefining religion was a common theme throughout the 1900s.   Religion in the past offered reasons for why certain natural things occurred.   Darwin developed his theories on natural selection and the public was educated.   It was no longer God that chooses what happens it is nature (Conlin 782).   In the past death was seen as a normal part of life, and that god is control of who and when death occurs. In â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night,† Dylan challenges the reader to defy God, and nature and fight against death.   In line 2, Dylan writes â€Å"Old age should burn and rave at the close of the day†.   Dylan means that even people at the end of their life should fight for every breath.   He also writes â€Å"Good men†¦Wild men†¦Grave men† – all mean should wrestle death and keep life in their grasps.   Exploring death as not just God determined event but an event in which each individual can play active role in, is a common theme found throughout the 20th  century in literature, poetry, and public debate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dickinson takes a more passive and reflective approach.   Dickinson’s primary intent is not either hope for immortality or the experience of living with the knowledge of death.   Both are traditional interpretations of â€Å"Because Death Could Not Stop for Me,† but certainly not the only two possible ones.   Death is described by Dickinson as an unintelligent betrayer. His â€Å"kindness† and â€Å"civility† and supposed immorality are just illusions to make the narrator and every living person go quietly with death.   Dickinson did not write for an audience.   She was not trying to inspire or educate.   After experiencing the death of several people close to her, Dickinson was grieving, angry, and confused.   The narrator of the poem was not prepared for death.   In line 15 – 16, â€Å"For only gossamer my gown, / My tippet only tulle,† the narrator was not dressed, wearing only underclothes or night gown, when death came for her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The fragmented society, and deeply painful world events is also reflected in 20th  century literature.   Much of poetry written during this time is considered incoherent or fragmented, and certainly this Dylan Thomas poem is disjointed (Banks, par 8).   While the poem does have a rhyme scheme to each verse much of the text is incomplete or missing words.   The verses are written like sentences but lack the grammar and structure of a true sentence. Also in line 2, Old age should be burn and rave at close of day†, Dylan writes leaving out   the definite article â€Å"the† before close.   Dylan purposely removes or leaves out words.   He does this to forcibly pace the reading of the poetry so that it more closely resembles human thought (Cyr, par 14).   This lack of grammar and traditional forms is a quality found in 1900s literature.   Authors during this time fought against the norms of society and the rules that society placed on everyone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Modern poets love to shake, shock, and disgust the reader.   They do this to spring the reader the into action, even if that action is to hate the poem and the author.   They want for the audience to feel something, and feel it intensely.   In â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good nightâ€Å", Dylan uses the technique of repetition of a particular line to drill his message into the minds of the audience. â€Å"Rage, rage against the dying of the light (ln 3, 6, 9 12, 19),† write Dylan Thomas to poke at the reader hoping the ensues agitation makes them wonder why, and then how.   The meter of the line reminds the reader of someone knocking against their coffin – knock, knock against the coffin. (Westphal, par 4)   Demanding the audience to grab at their last breath from death.   20th  century authors struggle to motivate society to become active and involved in their lives, even if that motivation comes from fear and anger.  Ã‚   The use of rhythm and repetition can also be seen in Dickinson’s work.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sad thoughtfulness can be found in stanza 2 and the beginning of stanza 3.   The narrator describes several things while traveling with death – children playing, field of grain, and the sunset.   After passing these things the narrator has a realization and comments â€Å"Or rather, be passed us; â€Å"   It was the narrator and death were actually stilling still and life was moving pass them.   Languor or listlessness can be seen in line 5, â€Å"we slowly drove† and â€Å"he knew no haste.†Ã‚   The narrator also stopped her daily activities because of death, and states â€Å"And I had put away / My labor, and my leisure too.† The tone of repressed terror is created by the following lines : line 3 â€Å"The carriage held but just ourselves†, line 14 â€Å"The dews grew quivering and chill.†Ã‚   Each creates the feeling of emptiness, loneliness, and the bitter cold of literal loss and physical death.   The poem also has a tone of mature resignation.   The narrator is not fighting death.   The narrator is not shocked at his arrival or that trip they take together.   If read in the right way the rhythm is slow and monotone.   The sound of slow horses’ hooves hitting the grove and is almost like death march.   The tone is not sad but calm, reserved, and excepting that death is an inevitable part of existing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The philosophical issues of life are explored by both Emily Dickinson and Dylan Thomas.   While decades a part in their lives they choose to explore the issues of time, death, and birth in their poetry again and again.   Dickinson’s â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† breathes life into Death creating a character that is kind in appearance but cruel in action. The emphasis of her poem is death and the feeling of dying saturates the entire prose.   Whereas Thomas chooses to celebrate life and the living in his poem â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle Into This Good Night†Ã‚   It is only the last three lines of the poem that he addresses death at all.   Both author skillfully use the images of the death, dying, and light to convey their own opinions on the archetypal motifs of birth, death, and life. Works Citied Bianchi, Martha Dickinson, and Alfred Leete Hampson, eds. Unpublished Poems of Emily Dickinson. Boston: Little, Brown, 1936. Conlin, Joseph R. The American Past. 7th ed. Belmont: Thomson, 2004. Thomas, Dylan. â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night.† The Collected Poems of Dylan Thomas. New York: New Directions, 1953: 128. Westphal, Jonathan. â€Å"Thomas’s `Do not go gentle into that goodnight.'† The Explicator 52.2 (1994): 113-15.

Establishing a Secured Atm Banking System

Establishing a Secured ATM Banking System Contents 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Executive Summary 4. Mission 5. Company Background 6. Statement of the Problem 1. Problem Statement 2. Problem Significant 7. Project Objective 8. Limitation of the Project 9. Methodology 10. Analysis of the Project 11. Scope of the Statement 12. Proposed Improvement 13. Expected Output 14. Recommendation 15. Acknowledgment Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate risk management, security and controls in the Context of Automated teller machines (ATMs).In doing so, it adopts a non-technical Approach by investigating the interrelationship and effect of risk management and controls In setting Automated Teller Machine security goals. The literature explores and discusses The risk management and different controls of ATMs. To reduce the risk of fraudulent Activity, several controls can be integrated into the ATM processing environment. However, the controls should not be considered a cure-all. Keywo rds: ATMs, data security, risk, fraud, electronic banking, and controls.Introduction This paper examines the effects of incompatibility in network industries. In a network industry such as telecommunications, the internet, or automatic teller machines (ATMs) in the banking industry,firms are technologically interconnected. This interconnection can lead to more complicated pricing structures than those observed in traditional industries, since a consumer may receive direct or indirect services both from his chosen firm and its rivals.While interconnection increases the size of the network available to consumers, in industries such as the banking industry, the introduction of price discrimination between affiliated and unaffiliated consumers reintroduces firm-level network economies by reducing compatibility within the shared network. This paper measures the impact of this incompatibility and finds significant effects on competition in the deposit market, welfare, and investment. It a lso briefly considers an alternative institutional structure in which provision of ATM and deposit services is separated.In the banking industry, the customers of one bank can use their ATM cards at ATMs owned byother banks, but the ATM owner may charge a fee called a surcharge. This can be interpreted aspartial incompatibility between components of a system comprised of ATM cards (bank affiliation)and ATMs. Analogous to the strong complementary relationships between CPUs and peripheralsor VCRs and video tapes, ATM cards and ATMs form complementary components of a system thatallows consumers to perform transactions on their bank accounts.Consumers can choose variouscombinations of these complementary goods, but the compatibility is only partial since there is acost associated with use of a foreign ATM, that is, an ATM not owned by the consumer’s bank. There is a sizeable theoretical literature on compatibility in industries with network externalitiesor complementary component s. This literature predicts that incentives for compatibility differacross firms and will be smaller for firms with larger networks, since these firms lose the competitive advantage their network size confers under incompatibility.The effects on consumer surplus should differ depending on the distribution of consumer characteristics and the new price equilibrium that is reached. In turn, the effects of compatibility on price competition depend on a number of factors. In the banking industry, while partial incompatibility achieved through surcharging should theoretically soften price competition in the deposit market by making an increase in deposit. This paper will focus on the types of ATM transactions that can be performed on any ATM within the shared network such as inquiries and cash withdrawals.Executive Summary ATM An automated teller machine (also known as an ATM or Cash Machine), is a computerized device that provides the customers of a financial institution with the ability to perform financial transactions without the need for a human clerk or bank teller. Crime at ATM’s has become a nationwide issue that faces not only customers, but also bank Operators. Security measures at banks can play a critical, contributory role in preventing attacks on customers.These measures are of paramount importance when considering vulnerabilities and causation in civil litigation and banks must meet certain standards in order to ensure a safe and secure banking environment for their customers. The Automated Teller machine is a terminal provided by bank or other financial institutions which enables the customer to withdraw cash to make a balance enquiry, to order a statement, to make a money transfer, or deposit cash. The ATMs are basically self-service banking terminals and are aimed at providing fast and convenient service to customers.Some of the new generations of ATMs are able to cash a check to the penny, dispense Traveller’scheques and postage stam ps, perform stock transfers, print discount coupons, issue phonecards, and even sell concert tickets. Customers are grateful for these ATM features but they are alsovery concerned with ATM crime and safety. Mission Key to Success Company Background 1. Statement of the Problems/Problem Definition/ Automatic Teller Machines (ATM) indicates the development of Information Technology in Banking sector.Two types of ATMs need to be addressed, one of which is the branch ATM, The other being the out of branch ATM. The branches will take care of the ATM located in Their respective branches, while the out of branch ATMs such as those located in department Store will be taken care by cash centers. Each cash center has ATMs under its responsibility. At VIT there are three ATMs out of which two are out of branch ATM() and one is branch ATM(). The major problem faced by these ATMs are the long queue of customers at the peak hours and then at the off peak hours the lack of customer entry.The number of customer are so large that many a times customer waits for more than half an hour to get his turn but at nights the ATMs remain idle that there are no customers to serve . Depending on the current capacity of each ATM, many alternative decisions can be made. Now the work process decision is made by operators. Thus,the problem of ATM facility is significant. In this study, methodology â€Å"Simulating ATMs† is proposed in order to maximize efficiency Of banks to improve their customer’s service and increasing long term relationship with them And also to reduce the congestion at the ATM centre at peak hours.The process will show How much time a customer spends and give suggestion whether a new ATM is required or With the same resources the performance can be improved. This research will support the Banks in terms of decisionmakingfor reducing the waiting time of customers, by solving a Simulation model with the help of queuing theory. The technique of simulation has long been used by the designers and analysis in the physical Sciences and it promises to become an important tool for tackling the complicated problems Of managerial decision making.It is actually imitation of reality and when it is being put into Mathematical form it is called simulation. Generally, the main objective of simulation is to Minimize the managerial problem in terms of decision making and hence helps in reaching Solution with at most accuracy. Also it is comparatively free from mathematical solution, Hence can be easily understood by the operating personal and nontechnical managers. On the other hand queuing model is used to overcome the congestion of the traffic? This traffic Can be of any form.This model mainly used in situation where customers are involved, hence When it is being coupled with simulation it becomes very much conducive to get solution to Solve the problem related to customers. Therefore, these two models are used to understand The situation related to ATM waiting line and to find some alternative to overcome this Problem by suggesting certain alternatives. Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) provide banking services such as withdrawals, deposits, and transfers on a 24 hrs with 7days basis. Due to their convenience they are nowuniversal and are used by a diverse set of users located around the world.Despite this success, however, ATMs still suffer from a variety of problems. Since ATMs are used for banking, security is paramount. Personal banking information is highly sensitive and users are vulnerable while using ATMs. Keypads in particular have been exploited by criminals who have installed small cameras or touch-sensitive overlays, or in some cases have simply observed users as they have keyed in their pins. The physical security of users is also important. ATMs are open late at night but often have limited security.Users may feel anxiety and, in those cases, it is best that they complete their ATM operations as quickly as possibl e. In addition to security concerns, there are a number of known usability issues with current ATMs. For example, users may not know which card they have entered into the machine, and accidental key presses may trigger unintended operations. Similarly, ATM interfaces are often loosely-coupled with underlying functions and allow the users to perform illegal operations, only informing them after the fact of the inability of the system to carry out a given task.A good solution to both the usability and security issues will require further exploration of how ATMs operate. Ultimately, such a solution will include a reformulation of certain key ATM functions and novel technologies such as touch screens and web-based interfaces. 1. 1Problem Statement In most of the ATMs the major problem is waiting of customers in the queue for more Duration. Mainly the objective of ATM for bank is to keep away the customers from coming To bank and make the process easy for them to avoid the basic procedur e they do in bank.But As stated the problem which most ATM face is the long queue in front, but then when the Problem is only for a short while as rest of the time the ATM remains idle means adding to The operating cost. The problem is to determine whether only one machine is required to Fulfill the need or two more machines needed to be installed to give comfort to customer Which is really of short period of time. 1. 2 Problem Significance The cost of the installing an ATM machine accounts for a sizeable part of the total operating Cost of a company.Adding to it is cost of extra security guard who is needed to be placed There. But the customer satisfaction point of it is necessary to incur these expenses as Retaining them is more important, hence these cost are overshadowed by this fact. This Research will provide a robust problem solving technique for the realworld? Make a decision Related to reducing the ATM queuing problem to reduce operating cost. †¢Problem Objective The o verall objective of the research is to develop a model to reduce the waiting time of Customers and the total cost related to ATM installation. Problem Constraints In this research, the researcher has focused on the Problem of waiting of customer in ATMs For long to undergo a simple transaction with the available ATM machine, also to know Whether another machine is required to reduce the traffic at the centers by keeping in mind The cost incurred in installing. Methodology Introduction to simulation and queuing It is the imitation of reality like laboratories in which numbers of experiments are performedon simulated models to determine the behavior of real system in true environments.The example cited above is of simulating the reality in the physical form, and are referred toas analogue simulation. For the complex and intricate problem of managerial decision Making, the analogue simulation may not be practicable, and actual experimentation with thesystem may not be uneconomical. Und er such circumstances, the complex system is Formulated into a mathematical model for which a computer programme is developed, and The problem is solved by using high speed electronic computer, and hence it is named as System simulation. Queuing theory has been applied to a variety of business situations.All situations are relatedto customer involvement. Generally, the customer expects a certain level of service, whereasthe firm provides service facility and tries to keep the costs minimum while proving therequired service. This widely used in manufacturing units. Here it helps in reducing theoverhead charges and the overall cost of manufacturing. Also used to know is the unit arrive, at regular or irregular intervals of time at a given point called the service point. General Analysis of the Project ATMs are used by all modern commercial banks and are found in cities around the world.Modern ATMs already address many human interaction concerns, but still suffer from a number of usabi lity and other issues. The following are seven important aspects to consider when attempting improving ATM interfaces: Security Issue ATMs act as electronic tellers, and security is always an important concern for users. Major security issues are already addressed in the modern ATM design. A password, or PIN number, is used to protect the information. After decades of use, ATMs have proven the effectiveness of this security policy.However, this approach may not be sufficient in the future. Mugging and PIN theft should be addressed in a new ATM system. Mature biometric technology may be a good candidate to provide additional security. Besides password protection, modern ATMs also include ‘card eating’ features to provide customers with more security. However, instead of increasing customer security, this feature can in fact cause problems for authorized users due to misunderstanding or carelessness. This feature should be reviewed as part of a user-centered design proces s. FunctionalityATMs handle as many traditional teller operations as possible. Traditional ATMs implement most basic daily banking functions, such as deposit, withdrawals and balance checking. These functions are designed based on the performance limitations of computing and networking, which have changed rapidly over the course of the last few years. These limited functions may not be satisfactory by modern standards. The next-generation ATM should support the following features if possible: †¢ Money transfer: transfer money from one bank account to another person’s bank account. Bill Payment: automatically pay bills. Although a valid feature is provided in internet banking right now, ideally ATMs would still provide these functions for users without internet access. †¢ Other Electronic Finance Tools: Good examples could be electronic bank notes or electronic bank travel cheques. Usability Unlike some other electronic devices, ATMs should be useful to a wide-range of users and those users should be able to use the system with limited or no assistance. This aspect is critical to the new ATM design.Although these issues are already taken into consideration in the current ATM designs, evaluation may reveal that there is room for improvement in current systems. Theoretically, it is also possible that there is no perfect design once we review the usability requirements. We may have to provide a compromised solution to suit the majority. The following are some typical user stories for review: †¢ ATMs currently allow users to insert different cards but do not display visual cues to identify which card was inserted. A displayed image would provide good feedback to prohibit accidental operations using the wrong card. The current key layouts, especially the function keys, are slightly different between different ATMs. A new standard high-resolution touch-screen would be preferable. †¢ Not all current ATMs can support multiple-languages. Consi dering growing international trade and communication, multiple language support would be a very important feature. †¢ The current deposit and withdrawal functions also need to be improved. For example, the standard process for putting multiple cheques into ATMs is confusing, and the ATM withdrawal function does not support bill selection based on the customer’s request. The new ATM should allow the user to easily access money across the world. Efficiency ATMs must be both easy to use and fast. The more time a user spends at an ATM, the more inconvenienced the user feels. Wait times also increase for other users. Clearly, this is an important issue to consider when designing an ATM system. Accessibility As ATMs are physical machines, their design must take accessibility concerns into account. Some good accessibility features can be found in current ATM design. For example, the ATM keyboard includes Braille support for the blind. Current ATM design does not do a good job o f protecting people from others peeking from behind. †¢ The fixed height of ATMs can be inconvenient for some users. Threat & Affect ATMs should be attractive. Potentially, good looking ATMs could attract new users and make existing users more comfortable. For example, relaxing background music could relieve user anxiety during complex operations. There are three basic types of ATM attacks: †¢ Attempts to steal a customer‘s bank card information; †¢ Computer and Network attacks against ATM‘s to gather bank card information; †¢ Physical attacks against the ATM.THEFT OF CUSTOMER‘S BANK CARD INFORMATION †¢Card Skimming †¢Fake ATM machines †¢Card Trapping/Card Swapping †¢Distraction theft or ‘manual’ skimming †¢Shoulder Surfing †¢Leaving transaction ‘Live’ †¢Cash trapping COMPUTER AND NETWORK ATTACKS †¢Network attacks against ATMs †¢Viruses and malicious software †¢Phishing †¢PIN cash-out attacks †¢Utilizing a Fake PIN pad overlay †¢PIN Interception PHYSICAL ATM ATTACKS †¢Ram Raid Attacks †¢Theft of ATMs †¢Smash and Grab of ATMs †¢Safe cutting/Safe Breaking †¢Explosive Attacks Scope of the Project We should evaluate whether or not the ATM is helping to extend banking services.By mixing the web/mobile preauthorization transaction service with the traditional 24 hours with 7 days ATM service, service time can be improved and wait times reduced. Proposed Improvements Our initial meeting yielded many ideas for new ATM technologies that have the potential to improve user experience. We considered mobile phone interfaces, voice interfaces, refinements of physical button interfaces, high resolution touch screen interfaces, biometric identification techniques (finger print or retinal scan), and a web interface for pre-specifying ATM transactions.After a brief discussion of each of these ideas, we decided to talk in depth about the final three. The use of an advanced high resolution touch screen would not solve any problems in itself. but would allow for a more sophisticated user interface. The potential for increased screen space and detail could help address the need for a more intuitive layout, the issue of restricting input to acceptable dollar amounts, and multi-language support. It might also allow ATMs to perform some actions that are not currently possible such as displaying the customer's preferred name for each account and facilitating transfers to third party accounts.An advanced display could also be designed to restrict the viewing angle so that private information is less visible to malicious onlookers. One final advantage of a high resolution display is that it would allow for much more attention to aesthetics, and as Donald Norman tells us, â€Å"attractive things work better. † The main disadvantage of using a touch screen is that it may confuse users, and providing accessibi lity for the blind is more difficult than in cases where Braille codes can simply be added to keypads.The use of biometrics for identification would yield many benefits. The most obvious benefit of biometric technology is that it would increase the security of bank accounts, as a finger print is much harder to steal than a PIN. If the use of a finger print could eliminate the need for an ATM card entirely, it could drastically reduce time spent at the ATM, and it would eliminate the problem of inserting the wrong card. The idea we spent the most time on is a web interface to allow users to pre-specify ATM transactions.The general idea is that the customer can access the bank's website from a PC or mobile phone to input the operations that will be done at the ATM. For example, a user could specify that she wants to withdraw 360 ETB from her chequing account and 220 ETB from her savings account. She also has three cheques to deposit for 250. 35 ETB, 298. 70 ETB, and 329. 11ETB. She wa nts 100 ETB of the deposit to go into her son’s account and the rest to go to her retirement account.When the user arrives at the ATM and identifies herself with a card and PIN or a fingerprint, the machine will display the options she selected earlier and ask if that is still what she wants to do. After selecting â€Å"yes,† she simply inserts the cheques into the machine and removes her cash. While the benefits of this idea may not be immediately apparent, and may not be significant for simple ATM usage, it has the potential to drastically improve the user experience under some circumstances. In the previous example, the user needed to perform many transactions with somewhat nusual amounts of money. If this were to be done at a standard ATM, it could take a very long time to navigate through the interface for each individual transaction. During this time, any number of distractions could occur, including a line of angry customers amassing behind the user or the user' s child suddenly beginning to cry. Under these circumstances, it would be easy for the user to enter an incorrect amount or even to forget one of the transactions completely. However, with the web site, all of the decisions would be made in the comfortable environment of the user's home or office.Besides helping the user to ensure that all transactions are executed properly, this web interface could cut down greatly on lines at ATMs, increasing customer satisfaction and physical security. Another scenario where this could be useful is for outdoor ATMs in bad weather. If the user drives to the ATM and then realizes that being outside would be unpleasant, she could access the web site through her mobile phone to pre set the transactions and minimize time spent outdoors. Such a radical departure from present ATM interactions is certainly not without drawbacks.One of the main issues is that not everybody has web access, especially through their mobile phones. The ATM would definitely ne ed to have a standard user interface in addition to web capabilities. The web site would also introduce security concerns with password attacks and network communication to the ATMs. Hopefully these problems have already been solved in the current implementation of online banking. Finally, as with any UI, poor design could cause this idea to become frustrating and useless. These preliminary ideas have been developed based on initial meetings and brainstorming.Further research and information gathering will lead to the refinement of our proposed system changes, and an iterative design process will allow us to develop a prototype of a highly improved, secure, accessible, and intuitive ATM system and extended web-based interface. Conclusion (Expected Output from the Project) The main purpose of this study is to develop an efficient procedure for ATM queuing Problem, which can be daily used by banks to reduce the waiting time of customers in the System. The queuing characteristics of cu stomers were observed and the researcher compared The process of customer behavior of different ATM services at VIT.It is concluded that the ATM service should introduce in men’s hostel (around ? thstudents strength stay in hostel) Will facilitate pulling more customers towards ATM service. The researcher suggested that the SBI can install a new ATM machine in men’s hostel in spite of high installation cost and thereby reduce the customer cost and service cost for attaining benefit in the long run. This will be helpful for commercial bank to sustain more potential customers in high competitive situations with other private banks.ATM provides financial services to an increasing segment of the population in many countries. Fingerprint scanning, continues to gain acceptance as a reliable identification and verification processes. This paper identifies a model for the modification of existing ATM systems to economically incorporate fingerprint scanning; and, outlines the a dvantages of using such system. It should be noted that the customers perception cannot be generalized as it was highly affected by the tradition/ culture of the user involves. Recommendation for Further StudySeveral aspects of waiting problem for the ATM that remained unsolved in this study will Form interesting topics for further study. The following recommendations are made for Further studies: It is observed that if a person is not well versed with ATM takes more time which is not Considered. Also many customers stand in the queue and leave which can be put into the consideration. †¢ The time the workers take to feed the ATM with currency is not considered. †¢ Out of stock situation can be considered. †¢ On holidays mostly after exams the utility of ATM to be considered.The main limitation of the research due to time constraint it is observed with minimum sample, if sample size would have increased, the result obtained by both in simulation and queuing will coinci de. This study would not consider waiting cost and service cost due to non availability of original information. For future research, this study can be extended by considering the cost factors to find out the best ATM facility. ACKNOWLEDGMENT I wish to acknowledge ________________University and Wegagen Bank, Addis Ababa Ethiopia for their support in providing the various facilities utilized in the presentation of this paper.

The Indian Removal Act of 1830 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Indian Removal Act of 1830 - Essay Example However, the Indian Removal Act 1830 evidently violated the US constitution as the Indians were removed from their land by force. Overview To illustrate, â€Å"the Indian Removal Act of 1830 was the culmination of a decades-long struggle between white and Native Americans over who would control vast tracts of territory that had been Native American lands for many centuries† (Tucker, 2011, p.381). As per the provisions of the Act, tens of thousands of the Native Americans were forcibly removed from the east of the Mississippi River. This Act made the prior treaties between the US government and the Native American groups void and the government tried to form new treaties that would better serve the interests of whites. The Act directly affected the Five Civilized Tribes including Choctaws, Cherokees, Chickasaws, Creeks, and Seminoles as they were the main inhabitants of the east Mississippi river. This agricultural land was extremely fruitful for crops like cotton, and many sou therners including some wealthy planters strongly desired the ownership of the land. Although the US Supreme Court had ruled that Native American tribes were sovereign nations and hence State law would not apply to them, President Jackson ignored the court decision and executed forceful removal of Native Americans from their land. Although the Indian Removal Act 1830 was an inhumane course of action that hurt the constitutional rights of people lived at the east Mississippi, it had also some positive effects on American Indian group. The Act and thereby forceful removal of Indians from their territory assisted them to escape from the depredations of whites to some extent. In addition, this change benefited the American Indians to resettle in a region where they could administer themselves without any external pressure. At the same time, the forceful removal adversely affected the economy as well as the social interest of the American Indian group. The American Indians had possessed fruitful agricultural fields until the time of the Act and therefore the forceful removal caused them to experience huge economic losses. In addition to the land loss, they were also forced to leave their homes and livestock behind and this situation caused them to lose what they had built over thousands of years. Historians reveal that this group was relocated to an area which no one needed that time. From an economic point of view, the nation lost several million dollars as part of this law enforcement. Furthermore, this arbitrary law amendment questioned the constitutional rights of American Indian group in the United States. Undoubtedly, the Indian Removal Act 1830 curtailed the fundamental human rights and constitutional rights of the American Indians. Out of the seven principles of the constitution, the seventh principle has specifically defined individual rights.

The Story of the Last Hippie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Story of the Last Hippie - Essay Example The paper will cover elements of Greg's condition and how it has influenced his lifestyle and how it may affect his future. It will cover the neurology and psychology of Greg's memory loss and how it comes to be that Oliver Sacks classes him as such an important case. The Story of the Last Hippie â€Å"The Last Hippie† refers to a man known by the name Greg F., who participated in many of the things associated with the 1960s, including the use of drugs to achieve higher consciousness and political activism. In this way, Greg can be said to have been a typical 1960s teenager, experimenting with counter culture and many things that had been unavailable or undesirable to previous generations. Oliver Sacks suggests that Greg enjoyed the music of the 1960s, attending concerts by the Grateful Dead and other such typical musical bands at the time. It was during this phase that Greg became interested in religion, and decided to attend a Hare Krishna temple and eventually became a member of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness. It was here that some of Greg's neurological symptoms became evident, although the members of the temple interpreted these as signs that Greg was a particularly holy member of the congregation, dedicated to meditation and Krishna. Greg was defined by those at the temple for his lack of 'worldly concern' and his freedom from desire, both physically and materially. These are two important things to the Hare Krishna community and many of those who are involved in the work of the temple strive for many years to achieve this state. In the case of Greg, he began to develop these traits almost immediately after joining. He also became known for his 'transcendent smile', something which was reminiscent of the very holiest people within the Hare Krishna community. After being a member of the temple for some time, Greg became revered and admired. Greg even began to go blind, and his eventual total blindness was seen by the community as further evidence of his holiness and his full and true participation in the community and its ways. Whilst the Hare Krishna community was in full admiration of this Buddha-like character, there were those who were wary and even concerned for Greg's health. His parents had been watching h is progress within the International Society for Krishna Consciousness and noticed the differences in their son. Whilst they were pleased that their son had stopped using drugs to achieve higher states of consciousness, and pleased that he seemed to have found his place in the world, they were concerned that his state was evidence of something more sinister. They were also concerned that all communication from the New Orleans temple had stopped, and they were no longer in continuous contact with their son. His eventual blindness was the straw that broke the camel's back, and they decided to contact the health authorities and Oliver Sacks to see if there was anything lurking behind the 'transcendent smile' that their son had adopted permanently. They were right in their concern, as it turned out that Greg had a massive brain tumour which had resulted in all the symptoms that the Hare Krishna community mistook for holiness. Greg's Disorder & Future After this intervention from Greg's parents, it is